Esthetic is a natural necessity among all human beings, and the reconstruction of the natural features of prosthesis is considered an important aspect in dentistry. Reconstruction of the natural features in removable prosthesis by characterization of denture BASE is one of the most important factors. In this regard esthetic, in removable prostheses, is achieved through different techniques such as: tooth selection and arrangement, designing the denture BASE and acrylic BASE color. The final goal for all these effects is to achieve a natural appearance for denture. However, other factors such as treatment limitations, different personal needs and general health principles, should be taken into consideration. This article not only reviews the natural appearance of oral mucosa that is replaced by the denture BASE, but also discusses about the materials used in tinting acrylic denture BASE and their application techniques.

In order to investigate the effect of inorganic selenium REPLACEMENT with organic selenium from Spirulina algae on performance and breast meat quality of broilers, a total of 160 one-day-old chicks were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments, eight replicates and five birds per each replicate. The sources of selenium used included sodium selenite and organic selenium from Spirulina algae which were replaced at two levels of 50 and 100 percent. The organic selenium was produced by the culture of Spirulina algae and its enrichment with selenium. The selenium content of different treatments was measured by ICP-Mass method. In this experiment, the feed intake and body weight gain parameters were measured weekly and feed conversion ratio was calculated. At 42 day of age, one bird was slaughtered from each replicate and the weight of carcass ready to cook was measured. The breast meat was sampled for measurement of pH and selenium storage. The results showed that it was not observed any significant difference in performance traits and ready to cook carcass percentage among different treatments. There was no significant difference in breast muscle pH at 0 and 24 hours after slaughtering. The amount of selenium deposited in breast muscle of birds fed organic selenium had significant increase when compared with other treatments (P<0.05). Generally, the results of this study showed that 100% REPLACEMENT of sodium selenite with organic selenium from Spirulina algae led to increase in breast muscle selenium deposition without reduction in bird performance.

This paper develops a computational technique for finding the maximum allowable ‎load of mobile manipulators for a given trajectory. The maximum allowable loads ‎which can be achieved by a mobile manipulator during a given trajectory are limited ‎by the number of factors; probably the dynamic properties of mobile BASE and ‎mounted manipulator, their actuator limitations and additional constraints applied to ‎resolving the redundancy are the most important factors. To resolve extra D.O.F ‎introduced by the BASE mobility, additional constraint functions are proposed directly ‎in the task space of mobile manipulator. Finally, in two numerical examples involving ‎a two-link planar manipulator mounted on a differentially driven mobile BASE, ‎application of the method to determining maximum allowable load is verified. The ‎simulation results demonstrates the maximum allowable load on a desired trajectory ‎has not a unique value and directly depends on the additional constraint functions ‎which applies to resolve the motion redundancy‏.‏

Introduction: The BASE metal ceramic restorations are one of the most popular restorations in the world. No research has been done about the porcelain metal junction on the occlusal surface yet.The main purpose of this study was to find the best location for porcelain metal junction with regard to occlusal contact in BASE metal- ceramic crown.Materials &Methods: 75 Porcelain Fused to Metal (P.F.M) crowns were made for metal dies. Crowns were cemented on the respective die with zinc phosphate cement and were divided into three groups of25 samples.Occlusal contact in each group was as follows:First group (A): On the porcelain metal junction.Second group (B): 2mm away from the porcelain metal junction on the porcelain.Third group (C): 2mm away from the porcelain metal junction on the metal.All of the samples were prepared for compressive force with Instron machine.Data were analyzed with one way ANOV A and Duncan tests. Results: 1) The average force was different in each of the 3 groups significantly. 2) Group B had the lowest amount of force (290kgF) and group C had the greatest amount (713kgF).3) Group A developed a force between B& C (529kgF).Conclusions: 1- The best location for occlusal contact in the porcelain metal junction restorations is on the metal.2- When the occlusal contact is on the porcelain metal junction, It needs more force for porcelain fracture than when it is on the porcelain.

Introduction: Correction of deep overbite and achieving a long-term stability are still major concerns for many orthodontists. There are three main ways for solving this problem: Bypass arch technique introduced by Ricketts, Segmented arch technique introduced by Burstone and using TADs. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of Ricketts and Burstone techniques during correction of deep overbites.Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 18 female patients with Cl I and II occlusion and more than 4 mm of overbite were selected. The subjects were divided into two groups (n=9). The deep overbite in group A was treated with Ricketts technique and Burstone technique was used for correction of overbite in group B. Fifteen jaws were included in each group. Lateral cephalograms before and after intrusion were used to evaluate the results. Data were statistically analyzed with Student’s t-test and SPSS 18 (a=0.05).Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the means of true intrusion and extrusion between groups A and B (p value=0.014 and p value=0.47, respectively). However, overbite reduction was not significantly different between the two groups (p value=0.704). In addition, the differences in mean false intrusion (p value=0.02), changes in the axial inclination of posterior teeth (p value=0.047) and the angle between axial inclination of upper and lower anterior teeth (p value=0.002) were statistically significant between the two groups.Conclusion: Under the limitation of the present study, the results confirmed the superiority of Burstone technique in intruding incisors with less undesirable lateral movements.